Kuwunika ndi mawonekedwe a Electric Vehicle ndi EV Charger msika ku America

Kuwunika ndi mawonekedwe a Electric Vehicle ndi EV Charger msika ku America
Ngakhale kuti mliriwu wakhudza mafakitale angapo, gawo la magalimoto amagetsi ndi zolipiritsa zakhala zosiyana.Ngakhale msika waku US, womwe sunakhale wochita bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, wayamba kukwera.
Poyerekeza msika wamagalimoto amagetsi aku US mu 2023, blog yaukadaulo yaku US Techcrunch idati Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), yomwe idaperekedwa ndi boma la US mu Ogasiti, yakhudza kale msika wamagalimoto amagetsi, pomwe opanga ma automaker akugwira ntchito yosuntha. katundu wawo ndi mafakitale ku United States.
Osati Tesla ndi GM okha, komanso makampani monga Ford, Nissan, Rivian ndi Volkswagen, adzapindula.
Mu 2022, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ku US kudali kolamulidwa ndi zitsanzo zingapo, monga Tesla's Model S, Model Y ndi Model 3, Chevrolet's Bolt ndi Ford's Mustang Mach-E.2023 idzawona mitundu yatsopano yowonjezereka ikutuluka pamene mafakitale atsopano akubwera, ndipo adzakhala otsika mtengo.
McKinsey akuneneratu kuti opanga magalimoto azikhalidwe ndi zoyambira za EV zitulutsa mitundu yatsopano 400 pofika 2023.
Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kuthandizira ntchito yomanga milu yolipiritsa, US idalengeza kuti ikonza bajeti ya $ 7.5 biliyoni mu 2022 kuti imange malo opangira anthu 500,000.Bungwe lopanda phindu la ICCT likuyerekeza kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, kufunikira kwa malo opangira ndalama ku United States kudzapitilira 1 miliyoni.
Kukula msika wamagalimoto amagetsi
Msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamagalimoto amagetsi, kuphatikiza Hybrid Electric car (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric car (PHEV) ndi Battery Electric mota (BEV), ukupitilira kukwera m'malo ovuta kwambiri a mliri wa COVID-19.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa McKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021), ngakhale kutsika kwakukulu pakugulitsa magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi, 2020 inali chaka chachikulu pakugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo pofika kotala lachitatu la chaka chimenecho, kugulitsa kwapadziko lonse kwa magalimoto amagetsi kudaposa. mlingo wa pre-COVID-19.
Makamaka, kugulitsa ku Europe ndi China kudakwera ndi 60% ndi 80% motsatana m'gawo lachinayi pa kotala yapitayi, ndikukankhira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi kufika pa 6%.Pomwe US ​​idatsalira kumbuyo kwa zigawo zina ziwiri, kugulitsa kwa EV kudakula pafupifupi 200% pakati pa Q2 2020 ndi Q2 2021, zomwe zathandizira kuti anthu alowe m'nyumba 3.6% panthawi ya mliri (onani Chithunzi 1).

Chithunzi 1 - Gwero: Phunziro la McKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021)
Komabe, kuyang'anitsitsa kugawidwa kwa malo olembetsa ma EV kudutsa US kumasonyeza kuti kukula kwa EV kutengeka sikunachitike mofanana m'madera onse;zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchulukana kwa anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu m'matauni ndipo zimasiyana malinga ndi mayiko, pomwe mayiko ena ali ndi ziwerengero zochulukirapo za anthu olembetsa ma EV komanso ziwopsezo zotengera ana awo (Chithunzi 2).

Mmodzi wakunja amakhala California.Malinga ndi US Department of Energy's Alternative Fuels Data Center, magalimoto amagetsi opepuka aku California adakwera mpaka 425,300 mu 2020, kuyimira pafupifupi 42% ya zolembetsa zamagalimoto amagetsi mdziko muno.Izi ndizoposa kasanu ndi kawiri kuchuluka kwa anthu olembetsa ku Florida, komwe kuli ndi nambala yachiwiri ya magalimoto amagetsi olembetsedwa.
Makampu awiriwa pamsika waku US charging station
Kupatula China ndi Europe, United States ndi msika wachitatu padziko lonse lapansi wotchaja magalimoto.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za IEA, pofika chaka cha 2021, ku US kuli magalimoto amagetsi atsopano 2 miliyoni, ma charger 114,000 amagalimoto a anthu onse (masiteshoni 36,000), komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a anthu 17: 1, omwe amalipira pang'onopang'ono AC pafupifupi 81. %, yotsika pang'ono kuposa msika waku Europe.
US ev charger amagawidwa ndi mtundu kukhala AC yothamanga pang'onopang'ono (kuphatikiza L1 - kuyitanitsa ola limodzi kuyendetsa ma 2-5 miles ndi L2 - kuyitanitsa ola limodzi kuyendetsa ma 10-20 miles), ndi DC kulipira mwachangu (kulipira 1 ola kuyendetsa mailosi 60 kapena zambiri).Pakalipano, AC yoyendetsa pang'onopang'ono L2 imakhala ndi 80%, ndi opareshoni yaikulu ChargePoint akuthandizira 51.5% ya gawo la msika, pamene DC yothamanga mofulumira imakhala ndi 19%, motsogozedwa ndi Tesla ndi 58% gawo la msika.

Gwero: Hua 'an Securities
Malinga ndi lipoti la Grand View Research, msika waku US wamagalimoto opangira magetsi aku US unali $2.85 biliyoni mu 2021 ndipo akuyembekezeka kukula pamlingo wapachaka (CAGR) wa 36.9% kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2030.
Zotsatirazi ndi makampani akuluakulu aku US omwe amatchaja magalimoto amagetsi.
Tesla
Wopanga magalimoto amagetsi a Tesla ali ndi ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito netiweki yake ya Supercharger.Kampaniyo ili ndi malo opangira 1,604 ndi ma supercharger 14,081 padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri komanso m'malo ogulitsa Tesla.Umembala siwofunika, koma umangokhala pamagalimoto a Tesla okhala ndi zolumikizira eni ake.Tesla amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma charger a SAE kudzera pa ma adapter.
Mtengo umasiyana ndi malo ndi zinthu zina, koma nthawi zambiri ndi $ 0.28 pa kWh.Ngati mtengowo umachokera pa nthawi yomwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi masenti 13 pamphindi imodzi pansi pa 60 kWh ndi masenti 26 pamphindi pamwamba pa 60 kWh.
Netiweki yopangira Tesla nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma supercharger opitilira 20,000 (ma charger othamanga).Pomwe maukonde ena opangira ma charger ali ndi kusakanikirana kwa Level 1 (kupitilira maola 8 mpaka kukwanira kwathunthu), Level 2 (kupitilira maola 4 mpaka kukwanira kwathunthu) ndi ma charger othamanga a Level 3 (pafupifupi ola la 1 kuti awononge), zomangamanga za Tesla zidapangidwa kuti zilole eni ake. kuti mufike panjira mwachangu ndi mtengo waufupi.
Masiteshoni onse a Supercharger amawonetsedwa pamapu olumikizana nawo mumayendedwe a Tesla pa board.Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwona masiteshoni panjira, komanso kuthamanga kwawo komanso kupezeka kwawo.Netiweki ya Supercharger imalola eni ake a Tesla kuti azitha kuyenda bwino popanda kudalira masiteshoni a chipani chachitatu.
Kuphethira
Network ya Blink ndi ya Car Charging Group, Inc, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma charger a 3,275 Level 2 ndi Level 3 ku United States.Mtundu wautumiki ndikuti simuyenera kukhala membala kuti mugwiritse ntchito Blink charger, koma mutha kusunga ndalama ngati mutalowa nawo.
Mtengo woyambira pakulipiritsa kwa Level 2 ndi $0.39 mpaka $0.79 pa KWH, kapena $0.04 mpaka $0.06 pamphindi.Kuthamanga kwa Level 3 kumawononga $0.49 mpaka $0.69 pa KWH, kapena $6.99 mpaka $9.99 pa mtengo uliwonse.
ChargePoint
Kutengera ku California, ChargePoint ndiye netiweki yayikulu kwambiri yochapira ku US yokhala ndi malo opangira 68,000, pomwe 1,500 ndi zida zochapira za Level 3 DC.Ndi magawo ochepa chabe a malo opangira chargePoint omwe ali Level 3 DC Fast Charger.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti malo ochapira ambiri amapangidwa kuti azingochapira pang'onopang'ono patsiku lantchito kumalo amalonda pogwiritsa ntchito ma charger a Level I ndi Level II.Iyi ndiye njira yabwino yowonjezerera chitonthozo chamakasitomala pamaulendo a EV, koma maukonde awo ali ndi zofooka zazikulu pamayendedwe apakatikati ndi mtunda wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokayikitsa kuti eni EV adalira kwathunthu ChargePoint.
Electrify America
Electrify America, ya kampani yopanga magalimoto ya Volkswagen, ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa masiteshoni othamangitsa 480 m'matauni 17 m'maboma 42 kumapeto kwa chaka, ndipo siteshoni iliyonse ili kutali ndi mtunda wopitilira 70 mailosi.Umembala sikofunikira, koma kuchotsera kulipo kuti mulowe nawo pulogalamu ya Pass + yakampani.Ndalama zolipirira zimawerengedwa pamphindi imodzi, kutengera malo komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kovomerezeka kwagalimoto.
Mwachitsanzo, ku California, mtengo woyambira ndi $ 0.99 pamphindi pa mphamvu ya 350 kW, $ 0.69 pa 125 kW, $ 0.25 pa 75 kW, ndi $ 1.00 pa mtengo uliwonse.Ndalama zolipirira pamwezi za pulani ya Pass+ ndi $4.00, ndi $0.70 pamphindi 350 kW, $0.50 pa mphindi 125 kW, ndi $0.18 pamphindi 75 kW.
EVgo
EVgo , yochokera ku Tennessee ndipo imasunga ma charger opitilira 1,200 DC m'maboma 34.Mitengo yolipiritsa msanga imasiyana malinga ndi dera.Mwachitsanzo, m'dera la Los Angeles ku California, zimawononga $ 0.27 pamphindi kwa omwe si mamembala ndi $ 0.23 pamphindi kwa mamembala.Kulembetsa kumafuna chindapusa cha $7.99 pamwezi, koma kumaphatikizapo mphindi 34 zolipiritsa mwachangu.Mulimonsemo, Level 2 imalipira $1.50 pa ola limodzi.Komanso dziwani kuti EVgo ili ndi mgwirizano ndi Tesla kuti ma EVgo othamangitsa masiteshoni kuti apezeke kwa eni ake a Tesla.
Volta
Volta, kampani yochokera ku San Francisco yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito malo ochapira opitilira 700 m'maboma 10, chodziwika bwino ndichakuti kulipiritsa zida za Volta ndikwaulere ndipo palibe umembala wofunikira.Volta yapereka ndalama zokhazikitsa mayunitsi a Level 2 pafupi ndi ogulitsa monga Whole Foods, Macy's ndi Saks.Pomwe kampaniyo imalipira ngongole yamagetsi, imapanga ndalama pogulitsa zotsatsa zomwe zimawonetsedwa pazowunikira zomwe zimayikidwa pazigawo zolipiritsa.Chovuta chachikulu cha Volta ndi kusowa kwa zomangamanga zoyendetsera Level 3 mwachangu.