Pamene kusintha kwapadziko lonse kupita ku chuma chochepa cha carbon ndi mphamvu zobiriwira zikufulumizitsa, maboma padziko lonse lapansi akulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zopangira mphamvu zowonjezera. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ndi ntchito zina, pakhala pali nkhawa yowonjezereka ponena za malire a gridi yamagetsi yachikhalidwe malinga ndi momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera komanso kukhazikika kwa magetsi. Mwa kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa microgrid wongowonjezwdwa mu makina opangira ndalama, kudalira mafuta otsalira kumatha kuchepetsedwa, komanso kulimba mtima ndi mphamvu yamagetsi onse amatha kusintha. Pepalali likuwunika njira zabwino zophatikizira zolipiritsa zokhala ndi ma microgrid ongowonjezwdwanso m'njira zingapo: kuphatikiza kulipiritsa kunyumba, kukweza kwaukadaulo wapamalo othamangitsira anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'malo osiyanasiyana, thandizo la gridi ndi njira zochepetsera chiopsezo, ndi mgwirizano wamakampani pamatekinoloje amtsogolo.
Kuphatikizika kwa Mphamvu Zongowonjezwdwa Pakulipira Kwanyumba
Ndi kukwera kwa magalimoto amagetsi (EVs),Kulipira kunyumbachakhala gawo lofunikira la moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa ogwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, kulipiritsa kunyumba kwachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri kumadalira magetsi a gridi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafuta oyambira kale, kuchepetsa phindu la chilengedwe la ma EV. Kuti kulipira kunyumba kukhale kokhazikika, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuphatikizira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa m'makina awo. Mwachitsanzo, kuyika ma solar panel kapena ma turbine ang'onoang'ono amphepo kunyumba kumatha kukupatsani mphamvu zochapira ndikuchepetsa kudalira mphamvu wamba. Malinga ndi International Energy Agency (IEA), m'badwo wapadziko lonse wa solar photovoltaic udakula ndi 22% mu 2022, ndikuwunikira kukula kwamphamvu kwamphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.
Kuti muchepetse ndalama ndikulimbikitsa chitsanzochi, ogwiritsa ntchito akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwirizane ndi opanga zida zophatikizira ndikuchotsera kuchotsera. Kafukufuku wochokera ku US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma solar akunyumba pakulipiritsa kwa EV kumatha kuchepetsa mpweya wa kaboni ndi 30% -50%, kutengera kusakanikirana kwamagetsi komweko. Kuphatikiza apo, mapanelo adzuwa amatha kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo masana kuti azilipira usiku, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi. Njirayi sikuti imangochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira mafuta komanso imapulumutsa ogwiritsa ntchito pamitengo yayitali yamagetsi.
Zokwezera Zatekinoloje za Malo Olipiritsa Pagulu
Malo oyipira anthu onsendizofunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito EV, ndipo luso lawo laukadaulo limakhudza mwachindunji zomwe zikuchitika pakulipiritsa komanso zotsatira za chilengedwe. Kuti masiteshoni azigwira bwino ntchito, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti masiteshoni apititse patsogolo magetsi a magawo atatu kuti athandizire ukadaulo wochapira mwachangu. Pamiyezo yamagetsi yaku Europe, makina amagawo atatu amapereka mphamvu zambiri kuposa gawo limodzi, kudula nthawi zolipiritsa mpaka pansi pa mphindi 30, kumathandizira kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, kukweza ma gridi kokha sikokwanira kuti kukhazikike - mphamvu zongowonjezereka ndi njira zosungira ziyenera kuyambitsidwa.
Mphamvu yadzuwa ndi mphepo ndi yabwino kwa malo othamangitsira anthu. Kuyika ma solar padenga la station kapena kuyika ma turbines amphepo pafupi kutha kupereka mphamvu zoyera zokhazikika. Kuonjezera mabatire osungira mphamvu kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zochulukirapo masana zisungidwe kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito usiku kapena nthawi yayitali kwambiri. BloombergNEF ikunena kuti ndalama zosungira mphamvu za batri zatsika pafupifupi 90% m'zaka khumi zapitazi, zomwe zili pansi pa $ 150 pa kilowatt-ola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutumizidwa kwakukulu kukhale kotheka. Ku California, masiteshoni ena atengera chitsanzo ichi, kuchepetsa kudalira gridi komanso kuthandizira gululi panthawi yomwe ikufunika kwambiri, ndikukwaniritsa kukhathamiritsa kwamphamvu kwapawiri.
Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana za Mphamvu Zina
Kupitilira dzuwa ndi mphepo, ma EV charger amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zamagetsi kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Ma biofuel, njira yopanda mpweya wa kaboni yotengedwa ku zomera kapena zinyalala za organic, imagwirizana ndi malo omwe amafunikira mphamvu zambiri. Deta ya US Department of Energy ikuwonetsa kuti mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa biofuel ndi wotsika kwambiri ndi 50% kuposa mafuta oyambira pansi, ndiukadaulo wokhwima wopanga. Mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono imakwanira madera omwe ali pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena mitsinje; ngakhale yaying'ono, imapereka mphamvu zokhazikika pamasiteshoni ang'onoang'ono.
Ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni, ukadaulo wa zero-emission, akupeza mphamvu. Amapanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen-oxygen reactions, kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa 60%-kuposa 25% -30% ya injini zachikhalidwe. Bungwe la International Hydrogen Energy Council likunena kuti, kupitilira kukhala ochezeka ndi zachilengedwe, ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni othamangitsa mafuta amakwanira ma EV olemera kwambiri kapena malo omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri. Mapulojekiti oyendetsa ndege aku Europe aphatikiza haidrojeni m'malo ochapira, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwake pakuphatikiza mphamvu zamtsogolo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu zamagetsi imapangitsa kuti bizinesiyo igwirizane ndi malo osiyanasiyana komanso nyengo.
Kuwonjezedwa kwa Gridi ndi Njira Zochepetsera Zowopsa
M'madera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa za gridi kapena zoopsa zakuda kwambiri, kudalira gululi kungalephereke. Makina opangira magetsi opanda gridi ndi kusungirako amapereka zowonjezera zofunika. Kukhazikitsa kwa gridi yakunja, koyendetsedwa ndi ma solar oyimirira kapena mayunitsi amphepo, kuwonetsetsa kuti kulipiritsa nthawi yazimitsa. Deta ya US Department of Energy ikuwonetsa kuti kufalikira kwa mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu kumatha kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa gridi ndi 20% -30% ndikukulitsa kudalirika kwamagetsi.
Thandizo la boma lophatikizidwa ndi ndalama zapadera ndizofunika kwambiri pa njirayi. Mwachitsanzo, ngongole zamisonkho ku US zimapereka chiwongola dzanja chofikira 30% pakusungirako ndi mapulojekiti ongowonjezedwanso, ndikuchepetsa zolemetsa zoyambira. Kuphatikiza apo, makina osungira amatha kukweza mtengo posunga mphamvu pamene mitengo ili yotsika ndikuyimasula pakukwera. Kuwongolera mphamvu kwanzeru kumeneku kumathandizira kulimba mtima komanso kumapereka phindu lazachuma pantchito zanthawi yayitali.
Industry Collaboration and Future Technologies
Kuphatikizika kozama kwa kulipiritsa ndi ma microgrid ongowonjezwdwa kumafuna zambiri kuposa luso - mgwirizano wamafakitale ndikofunikira. Makampani olipira akuyenera kuyanjana ndi opereka mphamvu, opanga zida, ndi mabungwe ofufuza kuti apange njira zotsogola. Makina osakanizidwa a Wind-solar, omwe amathandizira kuti magwero onse awiri azitha, amawonetsetsa mphamvu yanthawi zonse. Pulojekiti yaku Europe ya “Horizon 2020” ndi chitsanzo cha izi, kuphatikiza mphepo, dzuwa, ndi zosungirako kukhala makina opangira ma microgrid opangira ma charges.
Ukadaulo wa Smart grid umapereka mwayi wina. Poyang'anira ndi kusanthula deta mu nthawi yeniyeni, imakulitsa kugawa mphamvu pakati pa masiteshoni ndi gridi. Oyendetsa ndege aku US akuwonetsa ma gridi anzeru amatha kuchepetsa kuwononga mphamvu ndi 15% -20% pomwe akukulitsa mphamvu zamasiteshoni. Kugwirizana uku ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mpikisano wokhazikika komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso la ogwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-28-2025