Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kofulumira kwa EVs padziko lonse lapansi, bukuli limayang'ana kwambiri zovuta, zomwe zikuchitikaNorth America charger ecosystem. Timaphatikizira zaukadaulo waposachedwa komanso zidziwitso zofunikira zaumisiri zomwe zimachokera ku mabungwe amakampani (SAE, CharIN), ndi magwero ovomerezeka a data (DOE, NREL), kuyang'ana kwambiri zolemba za SAE J1772 ndi ISO 15118. Kusanthula kumayang'ana mosamalitsa zaukadaulo, malire ofananira, ndi zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolo, ndicholinga chopereka kuwunika koyambirira kudzera m'maso a protocol interoperability.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
1. Kodi CCS Charging ndi chiyani?
CCS (Combined Charging System)ndi mulingo wosunthika wa EV womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe komansokalemulingo wotsogola wothamangitsa mwachangu ku North America. Imathandizira zonse ziwiriAC (Alternating Current)ndiDC (Direct Current)kulipira kudzera pa cholumikizira chimodzi, chopereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Cholumikizira cha CCS chimaphatikiza zikhomo zojambulira za AC (monga J1772 ku North America kapena Type 2 ku Europe) ndi ma pini awiri owonjezera a DC, kupangitsa kuti kuyitanitsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa AC ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kwa DC kuthamangitsa doko lomwelo.
Ubwino wa CCS:
• Kulipiritsa kogwiritsa ntchito zambiri:Imathandizira pa AC ndi DC kulipiritsa, koyenera kulipiritsa kunyumba ndi pagulu.
• Kuchapira Mwachangu:Kuchapira mwachangu kwa DC kumatha kulipiritsa batire mpaka 80% mkati mwa mphindi 30, kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yolipiritsa.
• Kulera Ana Kwambiri:Amatengedwa ndi opanga ma automaker ndikuphatikizidwa mu kuchuluka kwa malo opangira anthu ambiri.
Monga muyezo wovomerezeka ku European Union, CCS2 ikadali cholumikizira cha DC chothamangitsa mwachangu.Malinga ndiData ya European Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO) (Q4 2024), ambiri (pafupifupi85% mpaka 90%) ya malo opangira anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu 2 (AC) kapena CCS (DC) yolumikizira. [Chithunzi cha ACEA]. Deta kuchokera kuDipatimenti ya Zamagetsi ku US (DOE)zikuwonetsa kuti CCS ikadali muyezo wokhazikitsidwa pamagalimoto omwe si a Tesla ku North America, ngakhale mkati mwa kusintha kwa NACS [Chithunzi cha DOE-AFDC].
2. Ndi Magalimoto Ati Amene Amathandizira Kulipiritsa kwa CCS?
Mtengo CCSamakhalabeyothamanga mwachangupadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku Europe. Ku North America, ma EV ambiri omwe sanali a Tesla EV (mitundu isanachitike 2025) amathandizira CCS1, ngakhale opanga ambiri alengeza zakusintha kumadoko a NACS kuyambira 2025.
Magalimoto othandizidwa ndi awa:
•Volkswagen ID.4
• BMW i4 ndi iX mndandanda
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• Hyundai Ioniq 5
• Kia EV6
Magalimotowa amagwirizana ndi maukonde ambiri othamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi woyenda mtunda wautali.
3. North America Landscape Shift: CCS1 vs. SAE J3400 (NACS)
Msika waku North America pano umatanthauzidwa ndi mpikisano pakati paChithunzi cha CCS1(Chigawo cha CCS) ndiNorth American Charging System (NACS), yomwe yakhazikitsidwa ndi Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) ngatiSAE J3400.
Nkhaniyi ikupereka kuwunika mozama za malo aku North America omwe akulipiritsa panopa, poyang'ana zaukadaulo komansozovuta zotumizira pa-pansiya CCS1, J1772, ndi muyezo wokwera wa SAE J3400 (NACS).Timaphatikiza zidziwitso zochokera ku ma network ochapira ma network ndi zolemba zamagalimoto zamagalimotokufananiza mitundu yolipiritsa, kuyanjana kwathupi, ndi machitidwe anthawi yayitali.
| Mbali | CCS1 (Combined Charging System) | NACS / SAE J3400 (North America Charging System) |
|---|---|---|
| Cholumikizira Design | Cholumikizira chachikulu, chokulirapo chophatikiza mapini a J1772 okhala ndi ma pini awiri a DC. | Mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono, opepuka, komanso ergonomic; pini imodzi ya AC/DC yonse. |
| Dera Lolamulira | Europe (monga CCS2) komanso kale North America. | North America (yakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale yokhazikika). |
| Future Outlook | Zikhalabe zofunikira pazombo zomwe sizili za Tesla EV komanso kudzera pa ma adapter. | Opanga ma automaker akutengera mitundu yatsopano yoyambira2025/2026. |
Kukhazikika kwa cholumikizira cha NACS ngatiSAE J3400imapereka mayendedwe omveka bwino amakampani, kuwonetsetsa kuti ziphatikizidwe ndi ziphaso zachitetezo zimakhazikitsidwa ku North America konse.
4. Kodi J1772 Charging ndi chiyani?
SAE J1772ndi muyezoAC (Alternating Current)cholumikizira cholipiritsa ku North America, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiriGawo 1 (120V)ndiGawo 2 (240V)kulipiritsa. Yopangidwa ndi Society ofAkatswiri Oyendetsa Magalimoto (SAE),imagwirizana ndi pafupifupi ma EV onse ndi magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa (PHEVs) ogulitsidwa ku North America.
Zithunzi za J1772
• Kulipiritsa kwa AC Kokha:Oyenera kulipira pang'onopang'ono kunyumba kapena kuntchito.
• Kugwirizana Kwambiri:Mothandizidwa ndi pafupifupi ma EV ndi ma PHEV onse ku North America.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pakhomo ndi Pagulu:Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyitanira kunyumba komanso malo opangira ma AC.
Zoyerekeza zamakampani zikuwonetsa kutikuposa 80-90%wa Level 2 nyumba zogulitsira nyumba zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku North America zimakhala ndi cholumikizira cha J1772, ndikuchikhazikitsa ngati AC standard standard. Kuphatikiza apo, lipoti la Electric Mobility Canada likuwonetsa kudalira kwakukulu kwa J1772 ndi eni ake a Nissan Leaf ndi Chevrolet Bolt EV pakulipiritsa tsiku lililonse.
5. Ndi Magalimoto Ati Amathandizira J1772 Kulipiritsa?
AmbiriEVsndiPHEVsku North America ali ndi zidaZogwirizana ndi J1772, kupangitsa kuti ikhale mulingo wogwirizana kwambiri pakulipiritsa kwa Level 1 ndi Level 2.
Magalimoto othandizidwa ndi awa:
• Mitundu ya Tesla (yokhala ndi adaputala)
• Nissan Leaf
• Chevrolet Bolt EV
• Toyota Prius Prime (PHEV)
Kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa J1772 kumapangitsa kukhala imodzi mwamiyezo yodziwika bwino yolipiritsa ku North America.Monga muyezo wapadziko lonse wa Level 2 (AC), onse omwe si a Tesla EVs ndi ma PHEV omwe amapangidwa pamsika waku North America (kusintha kwa NACS kusanachitike, mwachitsanzo, mitundu isanachitike 2025/2026) ili ndi 72 doko lodziwika bwino la 72 1 com 1. kwa AC kulipiritsa. Tesla amagwiritsa ntchito ma adapter a J1772 amalola magalimoto ake kulipiritsa pafupifupi masiteshoni onse a AC. Kuonjezera apo, kafukufuku wa Electric Mobility Canada amasonyeza kuti eni ake a Nissan Leaf ndi Chevrolet Bolt EV amayamikira kwambiri kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta kwa J1772.
6. Kusiyana Kwakukulu Pakati pa CCS ndi J1772
Posankha mulingo wolipiritsa, ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuganizirakuthamanga liwiro,kugwilizana, ndi milandu yogwiritsira ntchito. Nazi kusiyana kwakukulu:
| Kuyerekezera | CCS (Combined Charging System) | J1772 (SAE J1772) |
| Mtundu Wotsatsa | Imathandizira AC (Level 2) ndiDC (Level 3) kuthamangitsa mwachangu | AC yolipira yokha(Level 1 ndi Level 2) |
| Kuthamanga Kwambiri | DC imathamanga mwachangu 50 kW mpaka 350 kW (pansi pa mphindi 30 mpaka 80%) | Level 2 kuyitanitsa mpaka 19.2 kW (maola 4-8 pacharge yonse) |
| Cholumikizira Design | Cholumikizira chachikulu, chokulirapo chophatikiza mapini a J1772 AC okhala ndi mapini awiri odzipereka a DC. | Cholumikizira cholipiritsa cha Compact AC cha Level 1/2 chokha. |
| Communication Protocol | ISO 15118 (Power Line Carrier - PLC)pazowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, Pulagi ndi Charge) | SAE J1772 (Pilot Signal)kwa zowongolera zoyambira ndi chitetezo cholumikizirana. |
| Mtengo wa Hardware | (DCFC Unit): $10,000 mpaka kupitirira $40,000 USD (pagawo la 50–150 kW, kupatula zomangamanga) | Level 2 Home Units: Nthawi zambiri$300 - $1,000 USDza hardware unit. |
| Gwiritsani Ntchito Milandu | Kulipiritsa kunyumba, kuyenda mtunda wautali, komanso kulipiritsa anthu mwachangu. | Kulipiritsa pang'onopang'ono kunyumba kapena kuntchito (mayimidwe ausiku / tsiku lililonse). |
a. Liwiro Lochapira:
CCS ndi NACS zimathandizira kuthamanga kwa DC mwachangu, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 50 kW mpaka350 kW(malingana ndi siteshoni ndi kamangidwe galimoto). J1772 ili ndi malire a Level 2 AC kulipiritsa, ndikutulutsa kokwanira kwa19.2 kW.
b. Mtengo Woyika & Kuvuta:Ngakhale kuyika kwa J1772 (Level 2) kukufanana ndi kuyatsa zida zazikulu ($300–$1,000 ya hardware), DCFC (CCS/NACS) kuyika malo kumayimira projekiti yayikulu yaumisiri. Ndalama zonse za polojekiti (> $ 100,000 USD) nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa ndi kukweza kwa gridi, mtengo wa thiransifoma, ndi chilolezo chapadera - zinthu zomwe zimaposa $10,000–$40,000 mtengo wa hardware.[NREL Cost Analysis].
c. Cholumikizira Design
Mtengo CCS: Zimaphatikiza zikhomo za J1772 AC ndi zikhomo ziwiri zowonjezera za DC, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazikulu pang'ono kusiyana ndi cholumikizira cha J1772 koma kulola kusinthasintha kwakukulu.
J1772: Cholumikizira chophatikizika kwambiri chomwe chimathandizira kulipiritsa kwa AC kokha.
d. Kugwirizana
Mtengo CCS: Imagwirizana ndi ma EV opangira ma AC ndi DC kulipiritsa, makamaka opindulitsa pamaulendo ataliatali omwe amafuna kuyimitsa mwachangu.
J1772: Imagwirizana padziko lonse ndi ma EV onse aku North America ndi ma PHEV pakulipiritsa ma AC, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo othamangitsira kunyumba ndi ma charger amtundu wa AC.
e. Kugwiritsa ntchito
Mtengo CCS: Ndioyenera kuthamangitsa kunyumba komanso kuthamanga kwambiri popita, oyenera ma EV omwe amafunikira kuthamangitsa mwachangu.
J1772: Zokwanira pakulipiritsa kunyumba kapena kuntchito, zabwino kwambiri pakulipiritsa usiku wonse kapena zoikamo pomwe kuthamanga sikofunikira kwambiri.
f. Kugwirizana kwa Protocol: SAE J3400 ndi ISO 15118
Muyezo wa CCS umadalira ISO 15118 (makamaka 15118-2/20 ya PLC pa mzere wa Control Pilot) kuti atsegule zinthu zotetezeka monga Pulagi ndi Charge (P&C). Mwamwayi, mulingo wa SAE J3400 wafotokozedwa momveka bwino kuti umagwirizana ndi ISO 15118 protocol kudzera pa PLC. Izi zikutanthauza kuti magalimoto okhala ndi NACS amatha kuthandizira mawonekedwe a P&C ndi V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid), malinga ngati cholumikizira chapacharge station ndi firmware zisinthidwa kuti zikwaniritse zonse za ISO 15118 protocol kugwirana chanza kwa cholumikizira cha J3400. Kulumikizana uku ndikofunika kwambiri pakusintha kosasinthika.
[Zothandizira Zowoneka] Onani Chithunzi 1 cha J1772 vs. CCS1 Connector Pinouts
7. Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
1.Kodi magalimoto a J1772 okha (AC) amatha kulipira pa siteshoni ya CCS?
Ayi, osati mwachindunji pakulipiritsa mwachangu kwa DC. Pomwe theka lapamwamba la doko la CCS ndi doko la J1772, malo othamangitsira anthu a DC amangopereka mfuti yonse ya CCS (DC). Galimoto ya J1772 yokhayo siyitha kugwiritsa ntchito zikhomo za DC zamphamvu kwambiri.
2.Kodi ma charger a CCS amapezeka kwambiri pamalo othamangitsira anthu?
Inde.Ma charger a CCS (CCS1/CCS2) amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ku North America, maukonde ndi ochuluka, ndipo masiteshoni ambiri akuwonjezera zolumikizira za NACS pambali pa CCS1 kuti zigwirizane ndi mtsogolo.
3.Kodi magalimoto a Tesla amathandizira CCS kapena J1772?
Magalimoto a Tesla mbadwa amagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha NACS. Atha kulipira pa masiteshoni a J1772 (AC) pogwiritsa ntchito adaputala, ndipo amathanso kulumikiza netiweki ya CCS DC yothamangitsa mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito adaputala ya CCS yoperekedwa ndi wopanga.
4.Chimene chiri mofulumira: CCS kapena J1772?
CCS ndi NACS (J3400) zimathamanga kwambiri kuposa J1772.Izi zili choncho chifukwa CCS ndi NACS zimathandizira Level 3 DC kuthamangitsa mwachangu, pomwe J1772 imakhala yocheperako pa Level 1/2 AC kuyitanitsa pang'onopang'ono.
5.Kodi kulipiritsa mphamvu ya J1772 charger ndi chiyani?
Ma charger a J1772 nthawi zambiri amathandizira Level 1 (120V, 1.4-1.9 kW) ndi Level 2 (240V, 3.3-19.2 kW) kulipira.
6.Kodi mphamvu yolipiritsa ya charger ya CCS ndi iti?
Ma charger a CCS nthawi zambiri amathandizira milingo yamagetsi kuyambira 50 kW mpaka 350 kW, kutengera malo opangira ndi galimoto.
7.Kodi mtengo wa hardware wa J1772 ndi CCS/NACS ndi chiyani?
Magawo a J1772 Level 2 nthawi zambiri amawononga $300 - $1,000 USD (kupatula mawaya okhalamo). Mayunitsi a DCFC (CCS/NACS) (50–150 kW) nthawi zambiri amawononga $10,000 – $40,000+ USD (pa hardware yokha). Chidziwitso: ndalama zonse za DCFC nthawi zambiri zimadutsa $100,000.
8.Kodi CCS1 idzathetsedwa ku North America?
CCS1 ili mu nthawi ya kusintha. Ngakhale opanga ma automaker ambiri adzipereka kumadoko a NACS kuyambira 2025/2026, CCS1 ikhalabe yofunikira kwa mamiliyoni a ma EV omwe si a Tesla kwazaka zambiri. Maukonde ochapira akulowera kumadoko apawiri (CCS1 + NACS).
8.Future Trends ndi Malangizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Pamene msika wa EV ukukulirakulira, malo omwe amabwereketsa akugawidwa momveka bwino ndi madera ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito:
•Global Standard: Chithunzi cha CCS2akadali mulingo wosakhala wa Tesla ku Europe konse ndi misika ina yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi.
•Kumpoto kwa Amerika: SAE J3400 (NACS)ikukhala mulingo watsopano wotsogola pakulipiritsa magalimoto onyamula anthu mwachangu, mothandizidwa ndi pafupifupi makina onse akuluakulu. CCS1 ikhalabe yofunika panthawi ya kusintha.
•Kulipira Kunyumba: SAE J1772(Level 2) ipitilizabe kulamulira msika wotsika mtengo, wotsika pang'onopang'ono wapanyumba ndi wakuntchito chifukwa chapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuphweka kwake.
Kwa ogula, kusankha kumadalira malo. Ku Europe, kuyanjana kwa CCS2 ndikofunikira. Ku North America, kusankha galimoto ndiNACS (J3400)ndiye njira yabwino yotsimikiziranso ndalama zanu zamtsogolo, pomwe eni ake omwe si a Tesla akuyenera kudalira zomwe zilipoChithunzi cha CCS1ma network ndi ma adapter a Supercharger. Mchitidwewu ndi wolunjikamalo opangira ma port awirikuti mutumikire zombo za CCS zamakono komanso zamtsogolo za NACS.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-31-2024