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OCPP - Open Charge Point Protocol kuchokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2.1 pakulipiritsa kwa EV

Kusintha kwa OCPP: Bridging Version 1.6 mpaka 2.0.1 ndi Beyond in EV Charging

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

    I.Chiyambi cha Open Charge Point Protocol

    TheOpen Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)imagwira ntchito ngati mulingo wapadziko lonse wolumikizirana pakati pa Zida Zamagetsi Zamagetsi (EVSE) ndi Charging Station Management Systems (CSMS). Wolemba ndiOpen Charge Alliance (OCA), protocol iyi imadziwika kuti ndiyo muyezo wamakampani a EV (IEC 63110 precursor). Imachotsa zotsekera eni, kuwonetsetsa kuti ma Hardware ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kuyanjana mosagwirizana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana akumbuyo.

    Chidziwitso cha Ulamuliro: Nkhaniyi ikunena za miyezo yokhazikitsidwa mu OCA Whitepapers ndi IEC/ISO

    1, Mbiri ya OCPP

    Mbiri ya OCPP

    2. Chiyambi cha mtundu wa OCPP

    Monga tawonetsera pansipa, kuchokera ku OCPP1.5 mpaka OCPP2.0.1 yaposachedwa

    OCPP-Version-Introduction

    Chifukwa chakuti pali ma protocol ambiri omwe ali nawo mumakampani kuti athe kuthandizira chidziwitso chogwirizana chautumiki ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito pakati pa mautumiki osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito, OCA inatsogolera pakupanga ndondomeko yotseguka ya OCPP1.5. SOAP ili ndi malire ndi zoletsa zake za protocol ndipo sizingatchulidwe mofala komanso mwachangu.

    OCPP 1.5 imalumikizana ndi machitidwe apakati kudzera pa protocol ya SOAP yotengera HTTP protocol kuti igwiritse ntchito malo othamangitsira Imathandizira izi: Zochita zakomweko komanso zoyambira patali, kuphatikiza metering of billing

    Kudumpha kuchokera 1.6J mpaka 2.0.1

    Ngakhale mitundu yakale ngati OCPP 1.5 idadalira protocol yovuta ya SOAP,OCPP 1.6Jinasintha makampani poyambitsa JSON pa WebSockets. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kulankhulana kwapawiri komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa deta, ndikupangitsa kukhala msika wamakono. Komabe, kumasulidwa kwaOCPP 2.0.1(kukonza zolakwika za 2.0) kumawonetsa kusintha kwa paradigm. Mosiyana ndi 1.6J, OCPP 2.0.1 sichigwirizana ndi kubwerera kumbuyo chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu mu ndondomeko yake ya deta yokonzedwa kuti ithandizire machitidwe ovuta a kasamalidwe ka mphamvu (EMS) ndi miyezo yolimba ya chitetezo.

    Ⅱ.Chiyambi cha mtundu wa OCPP

    Monga tawonetsera pansipa, kuchokera ku OCPP1.5 mpaka OCPP2.0.1 yaposachedwa

    OCPP-Version-Introduction

    Chifukwa chakuti pali ma protocol ambiri omwe ali nawo mumakampani kuti athe kuthandizira chidziwitso chogwirizana chautumiki ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito pakati pa mautumiki osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito, OCA inatsogolera pakupanga ndondomeko yotseguka ya OCPP1.5. SOAP ili ndi malire ndi zoletsa zake za protocol ndipo sizingatchulidwe mofala komanso mwachangu.

    OCPP 1.5 imalumikizana ndi machitidwe apakati kudzera pa protocol ya SOAP yotengera HTTP protocol kuti igwiritse ntchito malo othamangitsira Imathandizira izi: Zochita zakomweko komanso zoyambira patali, kuphatikiza metering of billing

    OCPP 1.6J (JSON pa WebSockets)

    Ngakhale mtundu wakale wa SOAP watha,OCPP 1.6Jakadali mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zimagwiritsa ntchitoJSON pa WebSockets (WSS), zomwe zimalola kulankhulana kwathunthu kwa duplex. Mosiyana ndi SOAP yochokera ku HTTP, WSS imathandizira seva (CSMS) kuyambitsa malamulo (mongaRemoteStartTransaction) ku charger ngakhale chojambulira chili kuseri kwa firewall ya NAT.

    OCPP 2.0 (JSON)

    OCPP 2.0, yotulutsidwa mu 2018, imapangitsa kuti ntchito zitheke, zimawonjezera chitetezo, kasamalidwe ka chipangizo: imawonjezera magwiridwe antchito anzeru, ma topologies okhala ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu (EMS), olamulira am'deralo, ndi ma EV okhala ndi ma charger ophatikizika anzeru, masiteshoni olipira ndi makina owongolera masiteshoni. ImathandiziraISO 15118: Pulagi ndi Sewerani ndi Smart Charging pamagalimoto amagetsi.

    OCPP 2.0.1 (JSON)

    OCPP 2.0.1 ndi mtundu waposachedwa, womwe unatulutsidwa mu 2020. Umapereka zinthu zatsopano ndi zosintha monga kuthandizira ISO15118 (Pulogalamu ndi Sewero), chitetezo chowonjezereka ndi ntchito yabwino yonse.

    Kugwirizana kwa Mtundu wa OCPP

    OCPP1.x n'zogwirizana ndi otsika Mabaibulo, OCPP1.6 n'zogwirizana ndi OCPP1.5, OCPP1.5 n'zogwirizana ndi OCPP1.2.

    OCPP2.0.1 sagwirizana ndi OCPP1.6, OCPP2.0.1 ngakhale kuti zina za OCPP1.6 zilinso, koma mawonekedwe a data frame anali osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe anatumizidwa.

    OCPP 2.0.1 protocol

    1, Kusiyana pakati pa OCPP 2.0.1 ndi OCPP 1.6

    Poyerekeza ndi mitundu yakale monga OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0. 1 ili ndi kusintha kwakukulu m'magawo otsatirawa:

    a. Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo

    OCPP 2.0.1: Kusintha kwa Chitetezo & Kasamalidwe ka Chipangizo

    OCPP 2.0.1 sichigwirizana ndi 1.6J chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa chitsanzo cha deta. Kukonzekera kwake kofunikira kwambiri ndikuyambitsa katatu kovomerezekaMbiri Zachitetezo:

    1. Mbiri Yachitetezo 1:TLS yokhala ndi Basic Authentication (Achinsinsi).

    2. Mbiri Yachitetezo 2:TLS yokhala ndi Zikalata za Client-side (chitetezo chapamwamba).

    3. Mbiri Yachitetezo 3:TLS yokhala ndi Client-side Certificates ndi Hardware Security Module (HSM).

    Komanso, izo m'malo zochepaKugunda kwa mtimandondomeko ndi comprehensiveChipangizo Model. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito standardizedChigawondiZosinthadongosolo kuti liwunikire chilichonse kuchokera ku liwiro la fan mpaka kutentha kwamkati, kuwongolera kwambiri kuzindikira kwakutali.

    b.Kuwonjezera Zatsopano

    OCPP2.0.1 imawonjezera zinthu zambiri zatsopano, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira kulipiritsa mwanzeru, komanso kufotokozera zolakwika ndi kusanthula.

    c. More Flexible Design

    OCPP2.0.1 idapangidwa kuti ikhale yosinthika kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zazovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana.

    d. Kusintha kwa Code

    OCPP2.0.1 imathandizira kachidindo, kupangitsa kuti pulogalamuyo ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

    Kusintha kwa firmware kwa OCPP2.0.1 kwawonjezera siginecha ya digito, kuteteza kutsitsa kwa fimuweya sikukwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kwa firmware.

    Pogwiritsira ntchito, protocol ya OCPP2.0.1 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kulamulira kwakutali kwa mulu wolipiritsa, kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ya malo operekera, kutsimikizira kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito zina, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolipiritsa, zogwira mtima komanso chitetezo.

    2, OCPP2.0.1 chiyambi cha ntchito

    OCPP2.0.1-Zinthu

    OCPP 2.0.1 protocol ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa protocol ya OCPP. Poyerekeza ndi OCPP 1.6, protocol ya OCPP 2.0.1 yasintha kwambiri komanso kukhathamiritsa. Zomwe zili mkati zikuphatikizapo:

    •Kutumiza Mauthenga:OCP 2.0.1 imawonjezera mitundu yatsopano ya mauthenga ndikusintha mafomu akale a mauthenga kuti azigwira bwino ntchito.

    •Zitifiketi Zapa digito:Mu OCPP 2.0.1, njira zachitetezo zozikidwa pa satifiketi ya digito zidayambitsidwa kuti zipereke chitsimikiziro cha chipangizo cholimba komanso kuteteza kukhulupirika kwa uthenga. Uku ndikuwongolera kwakukulu kuposa njira zachitetezo za OCPP1.6.

    •Data Model:OCPP 2.0.1 imasintha mtundu wa data kuti uphatikizepo chithandizo chamitundu yatsopano yazida ndi mawonekedwe.

    •Kuwongolera Chipangizo:OCPP 2.0.1 imapereka ntchito zambiri zowongolera zida, kuphatikiza kasinthidwe kachipangizo, kuthetsa mavuto, zosintha zamapulogalamu, ndi zina zambiri.

    •Zigawo:OCPP 2.0.1 imayambitsa chigawo chosinthika kwambiri chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokozera zipangizo ndi machitidwe ovuta kwambiri opangira. Izi zimathandiza kuti zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri mongaV2G (Galimoto kupita ku Gridi).

    •Kulipira mwanzeru:Advanced Smart Charging & ISO 15118 Integration, Kusiyanitsa pakati pa 1.6 ndi 2.0.1 pakulipiritsa mwanzeru ndikofunikira. Pomwe 1.6J imadalira zofunikiraChargingProfiles, OCPP 2.0.1 imathandiziraISO 15118kudzera panjira yodutsa.

    Izi zimathandizaPulagi & Charge (PnC): EVSE imagwira ntchito ngati chipata, kulola EV kusinthanitsa ziphaso za digito mwachindunji ndi backend kuti zitsimikizidwe zokha. Palibe makhadi a RFID kapena mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira. Izi zimayalanso mazikoV2G (Galimoto-to-Gridi), kulola kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka mphamvu kawiri kutengera ma frequency a gridi ndi mphamvu.

    •Chidziwitso cha Wogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Chilolezo:OCPP2.0.1 imapereka njira zodziwikiratu za ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kuvomereza, imathandizira njira zingapo zotsimikizira ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikuyika patsogolo zofunikira zachitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito.

    III. Chidziwitso cha ntchito ya OCPP

    1. Kulipira mwanzeru

    IEC-63110

    External Energy Management System (EMS)
    OCPP 2.0.1 imathetsa vutoli poyambitsa njira yodziwitsira yomwe imadziwitsa CSMS (Charging Station Management System) za zoletsa zakunja. Zolowetsa molunjika zomwe zimathandizira kasamalidwe ka mphamvu (EMS) zimatha kuthana ndi zinthu zambiri:
    Magalimoto amagetsi olumikizidwa ndi malo ochapira (ndi ISO 15118)
    OCPP 2.0.1 imathandizira ISO 15118 -protocol yosinthidwa ya kulumikizana kwa EVSE-to-EV. ISO 15118 plug-and-play charger ndi smart charger (kuphatikiza zolowa kuchokera ku ma EV) ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito OCPP 2.0.1. Yambitsani oyendetsa masiteshoni kuti atumize mauthenga (kuchokera ku CSMS) okhudza malo olipiritsa kuti awonetsedwe kwa madalaivala a EV.
    Kugwiritsa ntchito Smart Charging:

    (1) Katundu Balancer
    Load Balancer imayang'ana kwambiri katundu wamkati wa malo othamangitsira. Malo opangira ndalama aziwongolera mphamvu zolipiritsa za positi iliyonse yolipirira molingana ndi kukonzedweratu. Malo opangira ndalama adzakonzedwa ndi malire okhazikika, monga kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachokera. Kuphatikiza apo, kasinthidweko kumaphatikizansopo zosankha zomwe mungafune kuti muwongolere kugawa kwamagetsi pamasiteshoni othamangitsira payekha. Kusinthaku kumauza malo otchatsira kuti mitengo yolipiritsa yomwe ili pansi pa mtengo wa kasinthidweyi ndi yolakwika ndipo njira zina zolipirira ziyenera kusankhidwa.

    (2) Kulipira kwanzeru pakati
    Central smart charger imaganiza kuti malire olipira amayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lapakati, lomwe limawerengera gawo kapena ndandanda yonse yolipiritsa pambuyo polandila chidziwitso cholosera cha gridi wokhudza kuchuluka kwa gridi, ndipo dongosolo lapakati lidzakhazikitsa malire olipira pazigawo zolipiritsa ndikuyika malire olipira poyankha mauthenga.

    (3) Kulipiritsa kwanzeru
    Kulipiritsa kwanzeru m'deralo kumazindikiridwa ndi wolamulira wam'deralo, yemwe ndi wofanana ndi wothandizila wa protocol ya OCPP, yemwe ali ndi udindo wolandila mauthenga kuchokera kudongosolo lapakati ndikuwongolera kachitidwe kolipiritsa kwa malo ena othamangitsira pagulu. Woyang'anira yekha akhoza kukhala ndi malo opangira ndalama kapena ayi. Munjira yolipiritsa mwanzeru, woyang'anira m'deralo amachepetsa mphamvu yolipiritsa ya poyatsira. Pakulipira, mtengo wamalire ukhoza kusinthidwa. Mtengo wochepera wa gulu lolipira ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa kwanuko kapena ndi dongosolo lapakati.

    2. Chiyambi Chadongosolo

    Kayendedwe-Kachitidwe-Kasamalidwe-(CSMS)

    mwadongosolo chimango

    OCPP-mapulogalamu-mapangidwe

    Zomangamanga zamapulogalamu
    Ma module ogwira ntchito mu OCPP2.0.1 protocol makamaka akuphatikizapo Data Transfer module, Authorization module, Security module, Transactions module, Meter Values ​​module, Cost module, Reservation module, Smart Charging module, Diagnostics module, Firmware Management module ndi Display Message module.

    IV. Kukula kwamtsogolo kwa OCPP

    1.Ubwino wa OCPP

    OCPP ndi ndondomeko yaulere ndi yotseguka, komanso ndi njira yabwino yothetsera mgwirizano wamakono wotumizira mulu, ndipo wakhala ukudziwika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kugwirizana kwamtsogolo pakati pa ntchito za woyendetsa kudzakhala ndi chinenero cholankhulana.

    OCPP isanabwere, wopanga ma positi aliyense adapanga njira yakeyake yolumikizirana kumbuyo, motero amatseka omwe amalipira positi kwa wopanga positi imodzi. Tsopano, pafupifupi onse opanga ma hardware akuthandizira OCPP, olipira positi ali ndi ufulu wosankha zida kuchokera kwa wogulitsa aliyense, zomwe zimapangitsa msika kukhala wampikisano.

    N'chimodzimodzinso ndi eni katundu/mabizinesi; akagula siteshoni yolipiritsa yomwe si ya OCPP kapena mgwirizano ndi CPO yomwe si ya OCPP, amatsekeredwa pamalo opangira ndalama komanso otumizira positi. Koma ndi zida zolipirira zogwirizana ndi OCPP, eni nyumba amatha kukhala osadalira omwe amawasamalira. Eni ake ali ndi ufulu wosankha CPO yopikisana, yamtengo wapatali, kapena yogwira ntchito bwino. Komanso, amatha kukulitsa maukonde awo posakaniza zida zosiyanasiyana zolipirira positi popanda kusokoneza makhazikitsidwe omwe alipo.

    Zachidziwikire, phindu lalikulu la ma EV ndikuti madalaivala a EV safunikira kudalira woyendetsa positi imodzi kapena wopereka EV. Mofanana ndi malo opangira OCPP ogulidwa, madalaivala a EV amatha kusinthana ndi ma CPO/EMPs abwinoko. chachiwiri, koma phindu lofunika kwambiri ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma e-mobility roaming.

    2.OCPP pa udindo wa galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi

    (1) OCPP imathandizira EVSE ndi CSMS kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake

    (2) Kuloledwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito galimoto yamagetsi kuti ayambe kulipira

    (3) Kusintha kwakutali kwa kasinthidwe kochapira, kuwongolera kwakutali (kuyambira / kuyimitsa), mfuti yotsegulira kutali (id yolumikizira)

    (4) Nthawi yeniyeni ya siteshoni yolipiritsa (yomwe ilipo, yoyimitsidwa, yoyimitsidwa, EV / EVSE yosavomerezeka), deta yeniyeni yeniyeni, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zenizeni, kulephera kwa EVSE

    (5) Kulipira kwanzeru (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa gridi)

    (6) Firmware Management (OTAA)

    OCPP 1.6J2.0.1

    Ⅴ.Kutsimikizika Kwamphamvu & Kuzindikira Kwaopanga

    Kukhazikitsa OCPP 2.0.1 kumafuna kutsimikizika kolimba. PaLinkpower, gulu lathu la R&D lachita kuyezetsa kokwanira kogwiritsa ntchitoOCTT (Chida Choyesa Kutsata Kutsata kwa Open Charge Point Protocol)pamodzi ndi kuphatikizika kwadziko lenileni.

    Malo Oyesera & Zotsatira:Tatsimikizira bwino firmware yathu ya EVSE motsutsana100+ opereka CSMS padziko lonse lapansi(kuphatikiza maukonde akuluakulu aku Europe ndi US). Mayeso athu amayang'ana pa:

    • Kukhazikika kwa TLS Handshake:Kuwonetsetsa kulimbikira kwa kulumikizana pansi pa Security Profile 2 & 3.

    • Transaction Data Integrity:Kutsimikizira zatsopanoTransactionEventkutumiza mauthenga pansi pazikhalidwe zosakhazikika zapaintaneti (Packet loss simulation).

    Deta yamphamvu iyi imatsimikizira kuti yankho lathu la OCPP 2.0.1 silimangotsatira malingaliro, koma ndi lokonzekera kutumizidwa kwa V2G.

    Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-21-2024
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