Kusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi (EVs) kwakula kwambiri pazaka zingapo zapitazi. Pamene maboma akukankhira njira zothetsera mayendedwe obiriwira ndipo ogula akuchulukirachulukira kutengera magalimoto okonda zachilengedwe, kufunikira kwama EV charger amalondayakwera. Kuyika magetsi pamayendedwe sikulinso chizolowezi koma chofunikira, ndipo mabizinesi ali ndi mwayi wapadera wotenga nawo mbali pakusinthaku popereka zida zodalirika zolipirira.
Mu 2023, akuti magalimoto amagetsi opitilira 10 miliyoni anali m'misewu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kukwera kwambiri. Kuthandizira kusintha uku, kukulitsa kwamalo ogulitsa magalimoto opangira magetsindizovuta. Masiteshoniwa ndi ofunikira osati pakuwonetsetsa kuti eni eni a EV atha kulipiritsa magalimoto awo komanso kuti apange netiweki yamphamvu, yofikirika, komanso yokhazikika yomwe imathandizira kuti magalimoto amagetsi azitengera. Kaya ndi pa amalo ogulitsa malondam'malo ogulitsira kapena mnyumba yamaofesi, ma charger a EV tsopano ndi ofunikira kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogula amasiku ano osamala zachilengedwe.
Mu bukhu ili, tipereka kuyang'ana mozamama EV charger amalonda, kuthandiza mabizinesi kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma charger omwe alipo.
Momwe Mungasankhire: Mndandanda wa Zosankha Zamalonda za EV Charger
Gwiritsani ntchito mndandandawu kuti mudziwe zomwe mwasankha:
A. Gwiritsani Ntchito Nkhani & Nthawi Yokhala:(mwachitsanzo, Kugula Kwamalonda - 1-2 maola -> Level 2 High Power).
B. Kuyimitsidwa Kupezeka:(mwachitsanzo, Fleet Depot -> Level 2 kapena DCFC kutengera kusintha).
C. Mphamvu Zamagetsi:(Kodi ntchito zomwe zilipo kale zimathandizira kufunikira kwatsopano? Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.)
D. Networked/Non-Network:(Kodi mukufuna kukonza malipiro kapena kuyang'anira kutali?)
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
1. Ndi Malo Otani Oyenera Kuyika Ma EV Charging Station?
Kupambana kwa amalonda EV chargerkukhazikitsa kumadalira kwambiri malo ake. Kuyika malo othamangitsira m'malo oyenera kumatsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu ndi ROI. Mabizinesi akuyenera kuwunika mosamala katundu wawo, machitidwe a makasitomala, ndi momwe magalimoto amayendera kuti adziwe komwe angayikemalo ogulitsa magalimoto opangira magetsi.
1.1 Maboma a Zamalonda ndi Malo Ogulira
Maboma azamalondandimalo ogulitsandi ena mwa malo abwino kwambirimalo ogulitsa magalimoto opangira magetsi. Madera omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri amakopa alendo osiyanasiyana omwe atha kukhala nthawi yayitali m'derali - zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kulipiritsa ma EV.
Eni ake a EV amasangalala ndi mwayi wolipiritsa magalimoto awo pogula, kudya, kapena kuchita zinthu zina.Malo opangira magalimoto ogulitsam'malo awa amapereka mabizinesi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wodzisiyanitsa ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Sikuti amangokopa makasitomala osamala zachilengedwe, komanso amathandizira mabizinesi kupanga zidziwitso zawo zokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, ma station ochapira mukuyika malo ogulitsa magalimoto amagetsim'malo ogulitsira amatha kupanga ndalama zowonjezera kudzera mumitundu yolipira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira za umembala.
1.2 Malo antchito
Ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero chaeni magalimoto amagetsi, kupereka njira zolipirira EV pamalo antchitondi njira yoyendetsera mabizinesi omwe akufuna kukopa ndi kusunga talente. Ogwira ntchito omwe amayendetsa magalimoto amagetsi adzapindula pokhala ndi mwayima charger agalimoto amagetsi ogulitsa malondapa nthawi ya ntchito, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa iwo kudalira pa kulipiritsa kunyumba.
Kwa mabizinesi,kuyika kwa charger kwa EVkuntchito kungathandize kwambiri kukhutitsidwa ndi kukhulupirika kwa ogwira ntchito, komanso kumathandizira ku zolinga zamakampani. Ndi njira yamtsogolo yowonetsera antchito kuti kampaniyo imathandizira kusintha kwa mphamvu zoyeretsa.
1.3 Nyumba Zanyumba
Anthu ambiri akamasinthira ku magalimoto amagetsi, nyumba zogona komanso nyumba zokhala ndi mabanja ambiri akukakamizidwa kuti apereke njira zolipirira anthu okhalamo. Mosiyana ndi nyumba za banja limodzi,okhala m'nyumbanthawi zambiri alibe mwayi wolipira kunyumba, kupangama EV charger amalondachinthu chofunikira m'nyumba zamakono zogona.
Kuperekakuyika malo ogulitsa magalimoto amagetsim'nyumba zogona zimatha kupanga malo okongola kwambiri kwa omwe angakhale alendi, makamaka omwe ali ndi kapena akukonzekera kugula galimoto yamagetsi. Nthawi zina, imathanso kukulitsa mitengo ya katundu, chifukwa anthu ambiri amaika patsogolo nyumba zomwe zili ndi zida zolipirira EV.
1.4 Malo Othandizira Malo
Malo ochitira misonkhano, monga malo opangira mafuta, malo ogulitsira, ndimalo odyera, ndi malo abwino kwamalo ogulitsa ma EV. Malowa nthawi zambiri amawona kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, ndipo eni ake a EV amatha kulipiritsa magalimoto awo poyimitsa mafuta, chakudya, kapena ntchito zachangu.
1.5 Magwero a Data ndi Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Malinga ndiUS Department of Energy (DOE) Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC), kuchuluka kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa charger ya Level 2 nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika (pafupifupi 5-10%), koma iyi ndi njira yofunikira pakuyerekeza ROI.
Powonjezeramalo ogulitsa magalimotokumalo ogwirira ntchito kwanuko, mabizinesi amatha kuthandiza anthu ambiri ndikusinthiratu ndalama zawo. Zomangamanga zolipiritsa zikukhala zofunika kwambiri m'madera, makamaka popeza anthu ambiri amadalira magalimoto amagetsi kuti ayende mtunda wautali.
2. Kodi Malo Opangira Magalimoto Amagetsi Azamalonda Amasankhidwa Bwanji?
Posankha amalonda EV charger, zinthu zingapo zofunika ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti wayilesiyo ikukwaniritsa zosowa zabizinesi komanso za ogwiritsa ntchito ma EV. Kumvetsetsa mitundu ya malo ochapira ndi mawonekedwe ake ndikofunikira kuti mupange chisankho mwanzeru.
2.1 Malo Olipiritsa a Level 1
Malo opangira 1ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kwambirima charger agalimoto amagetsi amalonda. Ma charger awa amagwiritsa ntchito 120V wamba ndipo nthawi zambiri amalipira EV pamlingo wa 2-5 miles paola.Ma charger a Level 1ndi abwino kwa malo omwe ma EV adzayimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, monga malo antchito kapena nyumba zogona.
PameneMalo opangira 1ndi zotsika mtengo kuziyika, zimachedwa pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi zosankha zina, ndipo sizingakhale zoyenera kumadera omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri kumene eni ake a EV amafunikira ndalama zofulumira.
2.2 Level 2 Malo Opangira Magalimoto Amagetsi
Ma charger a Level 2ndi mitundu yofala kwambirima EV charger amalonda. Amagwiritsa ntchito dera la 240V ndipo amatha kulipira galimoto yamagetsi 4-6 mofulumira kuposaMa charger a Level 1. Amalonda Level 2 EV charger, yogwira ntchito pa 240V, nthawi zambiri imapereka mphamvu kuchokera6 kW (25A) to 19.2 kW (80A). Izi zikutanthauzira mongoyerekeza15-60 mailosi osiyanasiyana pa ola. Chidziwitso chaukadaulo:Kwa kutumizidwa kwa bizinesi,Ndime 625 ya NEC(EV Power Transfer System) iyenera kutsatiridwa pazofunikira zonse zama waya ndi zida zoteteza.
Kwa mabizinesi omwe ali m'malo omwe makasitomala amatha kukhalako nthawi yayitali - monga malo ogulitsira, nyumba zamaofesi, ndi nyumba zogona -Ma charger a Level 2ndi zothandiza komanso zotsika mtengo. Ma charger awa ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kupereka chithandizo chodalirika komanso chachangu kwa eni ake a EV.
2.3 Level 3 Charging Stations - DC Fast Charger
2.4 Nkhani Yoyeserera
Makasitomala ogulitsa ku Texas aikidwa4 x 19.2kW Level 2 ma charger. Mtengo wawo wapakati pa doko lililonse unali$8,500(pamaso pa zolimbikitsa). Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomwe adaphunzira: poyambirira adachepetsa mtunda wothamanga wa waya, womwe umafunika kukweza kukula kwa ngalande, ndikuwonjezera ntchito yolowera.15%.
Malo opangira ma Level 3, amadziwikanso kutiMa charger othamanga a DC, perekani kuthamanga kwachangu kwambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa malo omwe muli anthu ambiri komwe makasitomala amafunikira kulipiritsa mwachangu. Masiteshoniwa amagwiritsa ntchito gwero lamagetsi la 480V DC ndipo amatha kulipiritsa EV mpaka 80% mkati mwa mphindi 30.
PameneMa charger a Level 3ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza, ndizofunika kuthandizira maulendo ataliatali ndikusamalira makasitomala omwe amafunikira ndalama mwachangu. Malo monga malo opumira mumsewu waukulu, zigawo zamalonda zotanganidwa, ndi malo olowera ndi abwinoMa charger othamanga a DC.
3. Malonda a Magalimoto Amagetsi Opangira Magalimoto ndi Kuchotsera ku US
Ku US, pali mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana ndi zolimbikitsa zolimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwamalo ogulitsa magalimoto opangira magetsi. Zochita izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi mtengo wapamwamba wam'tsogolo ndikupangitsa kuti mabizinesi azitha kuyika ndalama muzinthu za EV.
3.1 Ngongole Zamsonkho Zamsonkho Kwa Machaja Agalimoto Zamagetsi Zamagetsi
Federal Tax Credit (ITC - 30C): Kufotokozera Ndondomeko Yapano (Kuyambira Januware 1, 2023 - Disembala 31, 2032)- Mabizinesi oyika ma charger a EV amalonda atha kukhala oyenera kulandiraNgongole Yina Yagalimoto Yowonjezera Mafuta (IRS Form 8911). Izi zimapereka mpaka30% ya mtengo (wokwana $100,000 pa malo), malinga ngati kuyikako kukugwirizana ndi malipiro omwe alipo komanso zofunikira zophunzirira.
3.2 Mapulogalamu a Fomula ya National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI).
Pulogalamuyi, yoyendetsedwa ndi Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), imagawa$5 biliyonikuti boma lipange netiweki yadziko lonse ya DC Fast Charger m'makonde osankhidwa.Mabizinesi ayenera kulembetsa kudzera ku ofesi yawo ya DOT.Kuti muwone zaposachedwa komanso zofunikira, onani tsamba lawebusayiti ya FHWA NEVI yovomerezeka pano.
Kudzera mu NEVI, mabizinesi atha kufunsira ndalama zothandizira kulipirira mtengo wakuyika kwa charger kwa EV, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti athandizire pakukula kwa chilengedwe cha EV.
4. Mitengo Yoyikira Galimoto Yogulitsa Magalimoto Ogulitsa Zamagetsi
Mtengo woyikamalo ogulitsa magalimoto opangira magetsizimatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mtundu wa charger, malo, ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zilipo.
4.1 Zomangamanga za Malo Opangira Magalimoto Amagetsi
Zomangamanga zofunika kukhazikitsama EV charger amalondanthawi zambiri ndi gawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri la polojekitiyi. Mabizinesi angafunike kukweza makina awo amagetsi, kuphatikiza ma transfoma, ma circuit breakers, ndi mawaya, kuti athe kutengera mphamvu zamagetsi.Gawo 2 or Ma charger othamanga a DC. Kuphatikiza apo, mapanelo amagetsi angafunikire kukwezedwa kuti athe kuthana ndi ma amperage apamwamba omwe amafunikira pa charger zamalonda.
4.2 Kuyika Poyikira Galimoto Yamagetsi
Mtengo wakuyika kwa charger kwa EVkumaphatikizapo ntchito yoyika mayunitsi ndi mawaya aliwonse ofunikira. Izi zikhoza kusiyana malinga ndi zovuta za malo oyikapo. Kuyika ma charger muzinthu zatsopano kapena malo okhala ndi zomangamanga zomwe zilipo kale kungakhale kotsika mtengo kuposa kukonzanso nyumba zakale.
4.3 Ma Networked Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
Ma charger a netiweki amapatsa mabizinesi mwayi wowunika momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kutsatira zomwe amalipira, komanso kusamalira masiteshoni akutali. Ngakhale makina ochezera a pa Intaneti ali ndi ndalama zambiri zoikamo, amapereka deta yamtengo wapatali ndi zopindulitsa zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ndalama zopindulitsa kwa mabizinesi omwe akuyang'ana kuti apereke chidziwitso kwa makasitomala.
4.4 Kuganizira Kwambiri: Kasamalidwe ka Katundu ndi Malipiro Ofuna
Kwa malo ogulitsa, kungokweza gulu sikokwanira. Load Management Systems ndiyofunikira kuti igawitse mphamvu motetezeka ndikupewa Zolipira Zokwera mtengo kuchokera kukampani yothandiza, makamaka magulu a Level 2 kapena DCFC. Kukonzekera uku kumafuna injiniya wamagetsi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo kuti awerenge Load Calculation (pa NEC) ntchito iliyonse yakuthupi isanayambe.
4.5 Mtundu Wosavuta Wazamalonda wa EV Charger (Per Estimate, Pre-Incentive)
| Kanthu | Level 2 (Single Port) | DCFC (50kW) |
|---|---|---|
| Mtengo wa Zida | $2,000 - $6,000 | $25,000 - $40,000 |
| Kukwezera Magetsi/Zomangamanga (Kuthira, Makondomu, Gulu lalikulu) | $3,000 - $10,000 | $40,000 - $100,000 |
| Kukhazikitsa Ntchito | $1,500 - $4,000 | $10,000 - $25,000 |
| Mtengo Woyerekeza (Mtundu) | $6,500 - $20,000 | $75,000 - $165,000 |
Zindikirani: Mtengo wa zomangamanga umasiyana kwambiri kutengera mtunda wolumikizana ndi ntchito.
5. Malo Olipiritsa Magalimoto Amagetsi Ogulitsa Zamagetsi
Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kwamalo opangira magetsi opangira magalimotozimafunika kuganiziridwa mwapadera kuti zitsimikizire kuti masiteshoni akukhalabe ogwira ntchito komanso opezeka kwa eni ake onse a EV.
5.1 Kugwirizana kwa Cholumikizira Cholumikizira Galimoto Yamagetsi Yamalonda
Ma charger amalonda a EVgwiritsani ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizira, kuphatikizaSAE J1772zaMa charger a Level 2,ndiCHADEMO or Mtengo CCSzolumikizira zaMa charger othamanga a DC. Ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi ayikemalo ogulitsa magalimoto opangira magetsizomwe zimagwirizana ndi zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma EV m'dera lawo.
5.2 Kukonza Malo Olipiritsa Magalimoto Amagetsi Amalonda
Kusamalira mwachizolowezi ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire izimalo ogulitsa ma EVkhalanibe ogwira ntchito komanso odalirika. Izi zikuphatikiza zosintha zamapulogalamu, kuwunika kwa hardware, ndi zovuta zamavuto monga kuzimitsa kwamagetsi kapena zovuta zamalumikizidwe. Mabizinesi ambiri amasankha makontrakitala antchito kuti atsimikizirema EV charger amalondazimasungidwa bwino ndikupitiriza kupereka chithandizo chodalirika kwa makasitomala.
Pamene magalimoto amagetsi akupitiriza kutchuka, kufunikira kwamalo ogulitsa ma EVakuyembekezeredwa kuwuka. Posankha mosamala malo oyenera, mtundu wa charger, ndi ogwirizana nawo, mabizinesi atha kupindula ndi kufunikira komwe kukukulirakulira kwa zomangamanga za EV. Zolimbikitsa monga ngongole zamisonkho ku federal ndi pulogalamu ya NEVI zimapangitsa kusinthama EV charger amalondazotsika mtengo, pomwe kukonza kosalekeza kumatsimikizira kuti ndalama zanu zikugwirabe ntchito zaka zikubwerazi.
Kaya mukuyang'ana kukhazikitsamalonda mlingo 2 EV chargerkuntchito kwanu kapena netiweki yaMa charger othamanga a DCku malo ogulitsira, kuyikapo ndalamamalo ogulitsa ma EVndi chisankho chanzeru kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kukhala patsogolo pamapindikira. Ndi chidziwitso choyenera ndikukonzekera, mutha kupanga zopangira zolipiritsa zomwe sizimangokwaniritsa zosowa zamasiku ano komanso zokonzekera kusintha kwa EV mawa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-03-2024